Atopic eczema, the most common form of eczema, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, red, and inflamed rashes. It tends to occur in individuals with a genetic predisposition to allergies, asthma, or hay fever, and commonly affects areas like the face, hands, and behind the knees.

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells, causing them to build up rapidly on the surface. This leads to the formation of thick, red patches covered with silvery scales, often accompanied by itching and discomfort.

Stasis eczema, also known as gravitational dermatitis, arises due to poor circulation in the lower legs, often due to venous insufficiency. It leads to swollen, itchy, and discolored skin around the ankles, with a tendency to develop open sores and ulcers over time.

• Plaque Psoriasis:
  • Plaque psoriasis is characterized by raised, red patches of skin covered with silvery-white scales, typically occurring on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back.
• Guttate Psoriasis:
  • Guttate psoriasis is a type of psoriasis characterized by small, red, drop-like lesions that appear scattered across the body, often triggered by bacterial infections like strep throat.
• Pustular Psoriasis
  • Pustular psoriasis is a rare form of psoriasis characterized by white, pus-filled blisters surrounded by red skin, often causing discomfort and appearing mainly on palms of the hands and soles of the feet. 
• Erythrodermic Psoriasis
  • Erythrodermic psoriasis is a severe and rare type of psoriasis that results in widespread, fiery redness of the skin, often causing shedding of scales in large sheets.
• Psoriatic Arthritis
  • Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects some individuals with psoriasis, causing joint pain, swelling, and stiffness along with skin symptoms.

Nummular eczema, characterized by coin-shaped patches of irritated skin, presents as itchy and red lesions that may crust over. Commonly found on the arms, legs, and buttocks, it can be triggered by factors such as dry skin, irritants, or stress.

Acne:

• Common skin condition involving clogged pores, inflammation, and blemishes.
• Characterized by whiteheads, blackheads, pimples, and sometimes cysts.
• Primarily occurs on the face, chest, and back.
• Factors include excess oil production, bacteria, hormones, and genetics.

Perioral Dermatitis:

• Inflammatory rash occurring around the mouth and sometimes eyes.
• Presents as red, bumpy lesions with a clear zone around the lips.
• Linked to factors like topical steroids, cosmetic products, and oral contraceptives.
• Avoidance of topical steroids is crucial for management.

Rosacea:

• Chronic skin condition causing redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes pimples.
• Commonly affects the central face, including cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead.
• Triggers include sun exposure, heat, spicy foods, alcohol, and stress.
• Subtypes include erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular.

Lichen Planus is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder marked by the presence of itchy, polygonal-shaped, flat-topped papules and plaques, often accompanied by fine white lines (Wickham's striae) on the surface. It can affect the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and even hair follicles.

Herpes Simplex (HSV - Herpes Simplex Virus):

• Causes: Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), which has two types: HSV-1 and HSV-2.
• Presentation: Cold sores or fever blisters (HSV-1) and genital herpes (HSV-2).
• Lesions: Fluid-filled blisters that rupture and form painful sores.
• Location: Can occur on the mouth, lips, face (HSV-1) or genital area (HSV-2).
• Recurrence: Recurrent outbreaks possible due to virus' ability to remain dormant in nerve cells.
• Contagious: Highly contagious through direct contact with active lesions or oral/genital secretions.
• Transmission: Oral-genital transmission (oral sex) can lead to genital herpes (HSV-1 to HSV-2).
• Complications: Encephalitis (rare but serious inflammation of the brain) can occur in severe cases.

Herpes Zoster (VZV - Varicella-Zoster Virus):

• Causes: Caused by the Varicella-Zoster Virus, the same virus causing chickenpox.
• Presentation: Also known as shingles, it's characterized by a painful rash with blisters.
• Lesions: Blisters typically follow nerve pathways and appear in a band-like pattern.
• Location: Commonly affects one side of the torso or face, following a dermatomal pattern.
• Recurrence: Typically a reactivation of the virus after a prior chickenpox infection.
• Contagious: Direct contact with shingles blisters can cause chickenpox in susceptible individuals.
• Transmission: Not directly transmitted as shingles, but a person with shingles can spread chickenpox to those not immune.
• Complications: Postherpetic neuralgia, a persistent nerve pain in the area where the rash was, is a common complication.

Please note that both conditions are caused by viruses from the herpesviridae family, but they have distinct characteristics and affect different parts of the body.

Lichen simplex chronicus is a skin disorder characterized by thickened, leathery patches of skin resulting from chronic itching and scratching. It's typically a response to ongoing irritation, leading to localized areas of raised, scaly skin with an exaggerated skin line pattern.

Pompholyx eczema, also known as dyshidrotic eczema, is characterized by the formation of small, fluid-filled blisters on the hands and feet, often accompanied by intense itching and discomfort. These blisters can lead to redness, peeling, and cracking of the skin.

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, scaly patches that typically occur on the scalp, face, and other oily areas of the body. It's often referred to as "dandruff" when it affects the scalp, and can also involve itching and discomfort.